Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Interviews
Bramson, Seth H., MBA, MS; Company Historian - Florida East Coast Railway; Adjunct Professor of History and Historian in Residence, Barry University; Adjunct Professor of History, FIU, and Historian in Residence, FIU Osher Lifelong Learning Institute; Adjunct Professor of History, Nova Southeastern University, Lifelong Learning Institute. Personal interview. 20 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Seth H. Bramson, the company historian of the Florida East Coast (FEC) railway, provided us with a first-hand look at its real impact of the. Being from the company himself, he told us an exact history of the construction of the railway and many interesting facts about the beginning of development in Florida. We used many quotes from Dr. Bramson because we found them to be eye-opening.
Dr. Seth H. Bramson, the company historian of the Florida East Coast (FEC) railway, provided us with a first-hand look at its real impact of the. Being from the company himself, he told us an exact history of the construction of the railway and many interesting facts about the beginning of development in Florida. We used many quotes from Dr. Bramson because we found them to be eye-opening.
Books
Bramson, Seth H. Florida East Coast Railway. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2006. Print.
This book, written by Seth H. Bramson, shows many images of the FEC railway from the beginning of its operation. Most of these pictures were taken by Harry M. Wolfe, a famed railway photographer. The pictures include timetables and construction of the railway. They show the growth of the railway prior to its completion in 1912. Henry Flagler had just passed away; and, the pictures show the change of ownership in the railway.
Florida East Coast Railway. Key West Extension: Florida East Coast Railway. Buffalo: The Matthews Northrup Works, 1912. PDF file.
This booklet about the FEC railway is a primary source because it was made at the time of the opening of the FEC railway and it was written and published by the FEC railway company. It compresses all of the information about the FEC railway into forty pages. Two maps display the path of the FEC railway along the east coast of Florida.
Florida State Hotel Commission. “The East Coast of Florida.” Florida: Empire of the Sun. Tallahassee: Florida State Hotel Commission, 1930. Exploring Florida. Web. <http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/e/eastc.htm>.
This excerpt from “Florida: Empire of the Sun” has a section that discusses about how Flagler made himself a memorable man in Florida’s history. The people who were interested in the railroad’s fate followed him all the way down to Key West “as if he were a Pied Piper.” Although other people greatly criticized his idea, deeming it impossible, the criticism turned to praise when Flagler accomplished his dream in 1912.
Sweeting, Orville J. Guide to Miami and Environs. Comp. Workers of the Writers Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Florida. Northport: Bacon, Percy, and Daggett, 1941. PDF file.
This is a book that was written in 1940 depicting the conditions of Florida. It served as guide for someone planning their vacation in Florida, specifically Miami and Dade County, including Miami Beach and Coral Gables. It was put together by Workers of the Writers 9 Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Florida which was sponsored by the Florida State Planning Board. It included data on natural settings, Miami's fruits and flowers, fauna of Dade County, early inhabitants, Seminoles, history of the city, cultural life, education, agriculture, industry, transportation, newspapers and radio, architecture, sports and recreation, fishing, the Gulf Stream, Tamiami Trail and various points of interest in Miami.
Willis, J. A. The New and Greater Key West, Florida: Told in Picture and Story. Comp. J. A. Willis. 2nd ed. Key West: Key West Board of Trade, 1914,1990. Print.
This booklet, published by the Key West Board of Trade, describes the job opportunities, tourist attractions, and general facts and history of Key West, Florida. It does it all through picture and story. It contains many advertisements for Key West services from the time before, during, and after Henry Flagler’s railroad.
This book, written by Seth H. Bramson, shows many images of the FEC railway from the beginning of its operation. Most of these pictures were taken by Harry M. Wolfe, a famed railway photographer. The pictures include timetables and construction of the railway. They show the growth of the railway prior to its completion in 1912. Henry Flagler had just passed away; and, the pictures show the change of ownership in the railway.
Florida East Coast Railway. Key West Extension: Florida East Coast Railway. Buffalo: The Matthews Northrup Works, 1912. PDF file.
This booklet about the FEC railway is a primary source because it was made at the time of the opening of the FEC railway and it was written and published by the FEC railway company. It compresses all of the information about the FEC railway into forty pages. Two maps display the path of the FEC railway along the east coast of Florida.
Florida State Hotel Commission. “The East Coast of Florida.” Florida: Empire of the Sun. Tallahassee: Florida State Hotel Commission, 1930. Exploring Florida. Web. <http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/e/eastc.htm>.
This excerpt from “Florida: Empire of the Sun” has a section that discusses about how Flagler made himself a memorable man in Florida’s history. The people who were interested in the railroad’s fate followed him all the way down to Key West “as if he were a Pied Piper.” Although other people greatly criticized his idea, deeming it impossible, the criticism turned to praise when Flagler accomplished his dream in 1912.
Sweeting, Orville J. Guide to Miami and Environs. Comp. Workers of the Writers Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Florida. Northport: Bacon, Percy, and Daggett, 1941. PDF file.
This is a book that was written in 1940 depicting the conditions of Florida. It served as guide for someone planning their vacation in Florida, specifically Miami and Dade County, including Miami Beach and Coral Gables. It was put together by Workers of the Writers 9 Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Florida which was sponsored by the Florida State Planning Board. It included data on natural settings, Miami's fruits and flowers, fauna of Dade County, early inhabitants, Seminoles, history of the city, cultural life, education, agriculture, industry, transportation, newspapers and radio, architecture, sports and recreation, fishing, the Gulf Stream, Tamiami Trail and various points of interest in Miami.
Willis, J. A. The New and Greater Key West, Florida: Told in Picture and Story. Comp. J. A. Willis. 2nd ed. Key West: Key West Board of Trade, 1914,1990. Print.
This booklet, published by the Key West Board of Trade, describes the job opportunities, tourist attractions, and general facts and history of Key West, Florida. It does it all through picture and story. It contains many advertisements for Key West services from the time before, during, and after Henry Flagler’s railroad.
Advertisements
"1913 print advertisement for the Florida East Coast Railway." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2012. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1913_Florida_East_Coast_Railway_advert.jpg>.
This is an advertisement for the FEC railway and hotels, printed in 1913. It promotes Florida as having the "Finest and Healthiest Climate in the World."
"P&O Steamship Company Advertisement." Wolfsonian-FIU. The Wolfsonian - FloridaInternational University, 2012. Web. <http://www.wolfsonian.org/taxonomy/term/95/0?page=341>.
This is an advertisement for the Peninsular and Occidental Steamship Company, a company that works closely with the FEC railway.
This is an advertisement for the FEC railway and hotels, printed in 1913. It promotes Florida as having the "Finest and Healthiest Climate in the World."
"P&O Steamship Company Advertisement." Wolfsonian-FIU. The Wolfsonian - FloridaInternational University, 2012. Web. <http://www.wolfsonian.org/taxonomy/term/95/0?page=341>.
This is an advertisement for the Peninsular and Occidental Steamship Company, a company that works closely with the FEC railway.
Documents
"Disston Land Company, signed by Hamilton Disston." Scripophily. Scripophily, 1996-2013. Web. <http://www.scripophily.com>.
This is the document that confirmed the Disston Land Company's purchase of 4,000,000 acres of land for $1,000,000. It was signed, personally, by Hamilton Disston.
Flagler Museum Archives. IMG_2888. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This document is Henry Flagler's leather pocket book, in which he recorded business details, such as figures, appointments, construction progress, and hurricane damage.
- - -. IMG_2894. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2898. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This document is sent by Henry Flagler to James Meredith, head of construction before William Krome. It pertains to the seawall surrounding Whitehall and its thickness and the strength of a sand used in the wall.
- - -. IMG_2899. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2900. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2902. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2903. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a document pertaining to the maintenance of the Cordova, sent by Henry Flagler to J.R. Parrott.
- - -. IMG_2878. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a facsimile of the Standard Oil Stock Certificate. This had been given to Harry Harkness Flagler by his father Henry Flagler. Harry Flagler was appointed to work in Standard Oil when this was issued.
"Minutes of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund of the State of Florida, Volume 1." Internal Improvement Fund. Florida International University Libraries, n.d. Web. <http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/iif/volumes/volume1/FI06013201.htm>.
This is the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund of the State of Florida, Volume 1. The Internal Improvement Fund Act was passed in 1855 to aid in the construction of railroads and buildings in Florida, thus helping the state develop.
United States. US Census Bureau. Population of Florida Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990. United States Census Bureau. Web. <http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt>.
This US census report from the US Census Bureau’s website’s archives shows the populations every ten years from 1900 to 1990 in all of Florida’s counties. Many counties on the east coast, e.g. Monroe and Dade Counties, rapidly increased in population from 1900 to 1920, the years of the FEC railway's construction. This shows the impact of the FEC railway on the population of Florida.
Plantation Museum Archives. IMG_2996. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
These are train orders taken on January 17, 1928 when President Calvin Coolidge was on board.
- - -. IMG_2998. 19 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a document which contained train orders from March 1931 from the FEC railway.
This is the document that confirmed the Disston Land Company's purchase of 4,000,000 acres of land for $1,000,000. It was signed, personally, by Hamilton Disston.
Flagler Museum Archives. IMG_2888. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This document is Henry Flagler's leather pocket book, in which he recorded business details, such as figures, appointments, construction progress, and hurricane damage.
- - -. IMG_2894. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2898. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This document is sent by Henry Flagler to James Meredith, head of construction before William Krome. It pertains to the seawall surrounding Whitehall and its thickness and the strength of a sand used in the wall.
- - -. IMG_2899. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2900. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2902. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2903. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a document pertaining to the maintenance of the Cordova, sent by Henry Flagler to J.R. Parrott.
- - -. IMG_2878. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a facsimile of the Standard Oil Stock Certificate. This had been given to Harry Harkness Flagler by his father Henry Flagler. Harry Flagler was appointed to work in Standard Oil when this was issued.
"Minutes of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund of the State of Florida, Volume 1." Internal Improvement Fund. Florida International University Libraries, n.d. Web. <http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/iif/volumes/volume1/FI06013201.htm>.
This is the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund of the State of Florida, Volume 1. The Internal Improvement Fund Act was passed in 1855 to aid in the construction of railroads and buildings in Florida, thus helping the state develop.
United States. US Census Bureau. Population of Florida Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990. United States Census Bureau. Web. <http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt>.
This US census report from the US Census Bureau’s website’s archives shows the populations every ten years from 1900 to 1990 in all of Florida’s counties. Many counties on the east coast, e.g. Monroe and Dade Counties, rapidly increased in population from 1900 to 1920, the years of the FEC railway's construction. This shows the impact of the FEC railway on the population of Florida.
Plantation Museum Archives. IMG_2996. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
These are train orders taken on January 17, 1928 when President Calvin Coolidge was on board.
- - -. IMG_2998. 19 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a document which contained train orders from March 1931 from the FEC railway.
Field Research
The Henry M. Flagler Museum. Personal interview. 19 Aug. 2012.
Our trip to the Henry Flagler Museum was very eye-opening, showing us the full extent of our project. We learned many things from the guided tour, including a detailed explanation of all of the rooms of Henry Flagler’s Whitehall mansion. On display were many artifacts from the period of building of the FEC railway, and even the luxurious Car No. 91, Flagler’s personal railroad car.
Our trip to the Henry Flagler Museum was very eye-opening, showing us the full extent of our project. We learned many things from the guided tour, including a detailed explanation of all of the rooms of Henry Flagler’s Whitehall mansion. On display were many artifacts from the period of building of the FEC railway, and even the luxurious Car No. 91, Flagler’s personal railroad car.
Letters
Flagler Museum Archives. IMG_2884. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to J.R. Parrot expressing his appreciation that he has received from everyone in Florida.
- - -. IMG_2884. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This a letter from Henry Flagler to Joseph Parrott, where he expresses his gratidude at the completion of the Key West Extension. He expresses his heartfelt gratitude toward the builders hard work. This document is dated January 27, 1912.
- - -. IMG_2887. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
These two letters are from the inventor Thomas Edison asking Henry Flagler to test his new underwater cement formula. When Henry Flagler receives the letters, he instructs one of his engineers in Miami to obtain a sample from Edison.
- - -. IMG_2891. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This letter, sent to J.R. Parrott, pertains to coconut transportation done by the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2892. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2893. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter to Henry Flagler about a perspective drawing of one of his hotels.
- - -. IMG_2895. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to J.A. McGuire, telling him about his times in Florida.
- - -. IMG_2896. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to Mr. A.C. Spalding, thanking him for the letter Mr. Spalding sent to him in congratulations of the completion of the Key West Extension.
- - -. IMG_2897. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This letter was sent to Henry Flagler informing him about the cement and gravel that was going to be used for the construction of Whitehall.
- - -. IMG_2898. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler having to do with the concrete thickness used in the construction of Whitehall.
- - -. IMG_2901. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter being sent to Henry Flagler regarding his personal rail car arriving in St. Louis.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to J.R. Parrot expressing his appreciation that he has received from everyone in Florida.
- - -. IMG_2884. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This a letter from Henry Flagler to Joseph Parrott, where he expresses his gratidude at the completion of the Key West Extension. He expresses his heartfelt gratitude toward the builders hard work. This document is dated January 27, 1912.
- - -. IMG_2887. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
These two letters are from the inventor Thomas Edison asking Henry Flagler to test his new underwater cement formula. When Henry Flagler receives the letters, he instructs one of his engineers in Miami to obtain a sample from Edison.
- - -. IMG_2891. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This letter, sent to J.R. Parrott, pertains to coconut transportation done by the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2892. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is an image of a document pertaining to the FEC railway.
- - -. IMG_2893. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter to Henry Flagler about a perspective drawing of one of his hotels.
- - -. IMG_2895. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to J.A. McGuire, telling him about his times in Florida.
- - -. IMG_2896. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler to Mr. A.C. Spalding, thanking him for the letter Mr. Spalding sent to him in congratulations of the completion of the Key West Extension.
- - -. IMG_2897. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This letter was sent to Henry Flagler informing him about the cement and gravel that was going to be used for the construction of Whitehall.
- - -. IMG_2898. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter from Henry Flagler having to do with the concrete thickness used in the construction of Whitehall.
- - -. IMG_2901. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a letter being sent to Henry Flagler regarding his personal rail car arriving in St. Louis.
Magazine Articles
Agassiz, Garnault. “East Coast Railway.” Suniland Magazine Nov. 1925: 37+. Exploring Florida. Web. <http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/e/eastcrwy.htm>.
This magazine excerpt on the University of South Florida’s website “Exploring Florida” talks about how the FEC railway linked the settlements in the Keys to the rest of Florida. The concept of extending the railroad was known as “Flagler’s Folly” to many, but it became a highly successful railroad business in the end. The railroad system opened up millions of acres of previously inaccessible land for development.
“Key West Over-Sea Railway Opened.” Popular Mechanics Mar. 1912: 337. Google Books. Web. <http://books.google.com>.
This brief article in the Popular Mechanics magazine was written in honor of the opening of the FEC railway. It discusses the geography of Florida and the Florida Keys. It also discusses the architecture of the railway and its bridges. One fact mentioned is: 75 miles of the Key West extension are over water, of the total 128 miles of track placed to the south of Homestead.
“The US Finishes a $57,000,000 Overseas Highway to Key West.” LIFE 25 Apr. 1938: 20-21. Google Books. Web. <http://books.google.com>.
This LIFE magazine discusses some of the destruction done to the FEC railway by the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 (with a few pictures to show the damage). It also talks about how the US government decided to build a new highway over the demolished railroad. Workers tore out the remaining railway ties and laid down concrete slabs and cement. The highway was finished on March 29, 1938.
This magazine excerpt on the University of South Florida’s website “Exploring Florida” talks about how the FEC railway linked the settlements in the Keys to the rest of Florida. The concept of extending the railroad was known as “Flagler’s Folly” to many, but it became a highly successful railroad business in the end. The railroad system opened up millions of acres of previously inaccessible land for development.
“Key West Over-Sea Railway Opened.” Popular Mechanics Mar. 1912: 337. Google Books. Web. <http://books.google.com>.
This brief article in the Popular Mechanics magazine was written in honor of the opening of the FEC railway. It discusses the geography of Florida and the Florida Keys. It also discusses the architecture of the railway and its bridges. One fact mentioned is: 75 miles of the Key West extension are over water, of the total 128 miles of track placed to the south of Homestead.
“The US Finishes a $57,000,000 Overseas Highway to Key West.” LIFE 25 Apr. 1938: 20-21. Google Books. Web. <http://books.google.com>.
This LIFE magazine discusses some of the destruction done to the FEC railway by the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 (with a few pictures to show the damage). It also talks about how the US government decided to build a new highway over the demolished railroad. Workers tore out the remaining railway ties and laid down concrete slabs and cement. The highway was finished on March 29, 1938.
Newspaper Articles
“All Ready for Big Celebration.” The Evening Independent [St. Petersburg] 20 Jan. 1912: 1+. Web. <http://news.google.com>.
This news article in the Evening Independent of St. Petersburg, Florida, discusses the ceremonies that will take place to honor the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. It goes on to detail the most important points in the FEC railway's construction (costs, difficulties, viaducts, etc.). For example, 186 arches were used in the 7-Mile Bridge, and they used over 286,000 barrels of cement. Also, the new harbor that was to be built at Key West would be the closest deep-water port to the Panama Canal, which was being built at the time. This would bring in lots of money for Flagler and the railway.
Brown, Lew B., and L. C. Brown. “Over-Sea Railway Is Opened Today.” The Evening Independent [St. Petersburg] 22 Jan. 1912: 1-1. Web <http://news.google.com>.
This article, written by Lew B. Brown and L.C. Brown, tells of the railroad’s opening ceremony. There were representatives from a dozen different countries. Governor Gilchrist and nearly all of his assistants were represented at the ceremony. It gave a warm welcome to the man who conceived the idea of the railway, Henry Morrison Flagler. The ceremony was then followed by receptions to each of the many of the foreign diplomats.
“Line to Key West May Be Abandoned.” Tuscaloosa News [Tuscaloosa] 16 Sept. 1935: 1-1. Web. <http://news.google.com>.
This news article discusses how the FEC railway was in receivership after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, and how the Key West Extension may never be used again after being demolished by the storm. FEC railway engineers stated that the cost of repairing the railroad and its equipment would be over 5 million dollars, much too high a price than manageable for the receivers.
“Over-Sea Railroad Formally Opened.” The Gazette Times [Pittsburgh] 23 Jan. 1912: 10-10. Web. <http://news.google.com>.
This article in the Gazette Times of Pittsburgh, PA is about the “unusual achievement in railroad construction” that is the FEC railway. Warships from Portugal and Cuba arrived to celebrate the exciting event in history, and the Assistant Secretary of War Oliver and members of the House Naval Affairs Committee arrived at the ceremony to represent President Taft.
This news article in the Evening Independent of St. Petersburg, Florida, discusses the ceremonies that will take place to honor the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. It goes on to detail the most important points in the FEC railway's construction (costs, difficulties, viaducts, etc.). For example, 186 arches were used in the 7-Mile Bridge, and they used over 286,000 barrels of cement. Also, the new harbor that was to be built at Key West would be the closest deep-water port to the Panama Canal, which was being built at the time. This would bring in lots of money for Flagler and the railway.
Brown, Lew B., and L. C. Brown. “Over-Sea Railway Is Opened Today.” The Evening Independent [St. Petersburg] 22 Jan. 1912: 1-1. Web <http://news.google.com>.
This article, written by Lew B. Brown and L.C. Brown, tells of the railroad’s opening ceremony. There were representatives from a dozen different countries. Governor Gilchrist and nearly all of his assistants were represented at the ceremony. It gave a warm welcome to the man who conceived the idea of the railway, Henry Morrison Flagler. The ceremony was then followed by receptions to each of the many of the foreign diplomats.
“Line to Key West May Be Abandoned.” Tuscaloosa News [Tuscaloosa] 16 Sept. 1935: 1-1. Web. <http://news.google.com>.
This news article discusses how the FEC railway was in receivership after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, and how the Key West Extension may never be used again after being demolished by the storm. FEC railway engineers stated that the cost of repairing the railroad and its equipment would be over 5 million dollars, much too high a price than manageable for the receivers.
“Over-Sea Railroad Formally Opened.” The Gazette Times [Pittsburgh] 23 Jan. 1912: 10-10. Web. <http://news.google.com>.
This article in the Gazette Times of Pittsburgh, PA is about the “unusual achievement in railroad construction” that is the FEC railway. Warships from Portugal and Cuba arrived to celebrate the exciting event in history, and the Assistant Secretary of War Oliver and members of the House Naval Affairs Committee arrived at the ceremony to represent President Taft.
Pamphlets and Brochures
The Henry M. Flagler Museum. Become a Flagler Museum Member. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, n.d. Print.
This pamphlet, distributed at the Henry Flagler Museum, is about becoming a museum member, but it contains information about Flagler on the first two pages. It talks about Flagler’s origins with Standard Oil, including a quote from John D. Rockefeller, “I wish I’d had the brains to think of it, it was Henry Flagler.” It goes on to discuss Whitehall and its importance as a National Historic Landmark.
- - -. The Henry Morrison Flagler Museum. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2010. Print.
This brochure for the Henry Flagler Museum is a guide to each of its rooms, providing a very detailed description of them. It gives a brief Flagler Biography on the front cover, discussing Flagler’s beginnings and the FEC railway. It goes on to discuss why Flagler built Whitehall and the more than 75 elegant rooms inside. This beautiful mansion was truly built in the Gilded-Age Style.
- - -. Start Here. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2010. Print.
This brochure is a navigation guide to each of the most important rooms of Henry Flagler’s Whitehall mansion. It was his winter home, mainly built for his third wife, Mary Lily Kenan. He hired architects John Carrere and Thomas Hastings to design Whitehall. The New York design firm of Pottier and Stymus created the interiors. The mansion was completed in 18 months.
- - -. Tour and Activity Guide for Kids. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2012. Print.
This activity booklet for children, given out at the Flagler Museum, has a mini-biography of Flagler at the beginning, and fun facts about Whitehall and the Gilded Age all throughout it. It has different activities and puzzles for each of the rooms, and talks about what purpose each one served in Whitehall. The booklet focuses mainly on the Gilded-Age Style of the mansion.
This pamphlet, distributed at the Henry Flagler Museum, is about becoming a museum member, but it contains information about Flagler on the first two pages. It talks about Flagler’s origins with Standard Oil, including a quote from John D. Rockefeller, “I wish I’d had the brains to think of it, it was Henry Flagler.” It goes on to discuss Whitehall and its importance as a National Historic Landmark.
- - -. The Henry Morrison Flagler Museum. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2010. Print.
This brochure for the Henry Flagler Museum is a guide to each of its rooms, providing a very detailed description of them. It gives a brief Flagler Biography on the front cover, discussing Flagler’s beginnings and the FEC railway. It goes on to discuss why Flagler built Whitehall and the more than 75 elegant rooms inside. This beautiful mansion was truly built in the Gilded-Age Style.
- - -. Start Here. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2010. Print.
This brochure is a navigation guide to each of the most important rooms of Henry Flagler’s Whitehall mansion. It was his winter home, mainly built for his third wife, Mary Lily Kenan. He hired architects John Carrere and Thomas Hastings to design Whitehall. The New York design firm of Pottier and Stymus created the interiors. The mansion was completed in 18 months.
- - -. Tour and Activity Guide for Kids. Palm Beach: Flagler Museum, 2012. Print.
This activity booklet for children, given out at the Flagler Museum, has a mini-biography of Flagler at the beginning, and fun facts about Whitehall and the Gilded Age all throughout it. It has different activities and puzzles for each of the rooms, and talks about what purpose each one served in Whitehall. The booklet focuses mainly on the Gilded-Age Style of the mansion.
Websites
Blades, John, and Tracy Kamerer. “Home Page.” Henry Morrison Flagler Museum. Flagler Museum, 2011. Web. <http://www.flaglermuseum.us>.
This website, the home page for the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, is all about Henry Flagler himself. The website has pages about his history, his legacy, the FEC railway, and his marvelous hotel chain.
The Henry M. Flagler Museum. “A Timeline of Henry Flagler’s Life.” Palm Beach Daily News. Ed. Palm Beach Daily News. Cox Media Group, 6 Dec. 2010. Web. <http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/news/a-timeline-of-henry-flaglers-life/nMCJM/>.
This timeline of Henry Flagler’s life shows only the most important parts of his life, such as when he remarried, when he joined Standard Oil, and when the Key West Extension was completed. It shows the dates and years of when his children were born, and some of the companies he was involved in before Standard Oil. It also shows the opening dates of the many fancy hotels he built on Florida’s east coast.
This website, the home page for the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, is all about Henry Flagler himself. The website has pages about his history, his legacy, the FEC railway, and his marvelous hotel chain.
The Henry M. Flagler Museum. “A Timeline of Henry Flagler’s Life.” Palm Beach Daily News. Ed. Palm Beach Daily News. Cox Media Group, 6 Dec. 2010. Web. <http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/news/a-timeline-of-henry-flaglers-life/nMCJM/>.
This timeline of Henry Flagler’s life shows only the most important parts of his life, such as when he remarried, when he joined Standard Oil, and when the Key West Extension was completed. It shows the dates and years of when his children were born, and some of the companies he was involved in before Standard Oil. It also shows the opening dates of the many fancy hotels he built on Florida’s east coast.
Maps and Charts
The Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Florida Census. Table. Tampa: University of South Florida, 2005. University of South Florida, Tampa. XLS file.
This is a chart of the Florida census. It shows the populations of Florida counties in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
"Florida East Coast Railway: Key West Extension Map." Florida Memory. State Archives of Florida, n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/144626>.
This is a full map of the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. It also includes some pictures of its construction.
Florida East Coast Railway. Map of the Peninsula of Florida and Adjacent Islands. Map. Buffalo: Matthew Northrup Works, 1896. David Rumsey Map Collection. Web. <http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~223998~5506303:Map-of-the-Peninsula-of-Florida-and#>.
This is a map of Florida showing the route of the FEC railway.
Florida Hot Dog Cart Licensing Resources. “Florida County Map.” Map. Dream Maker Hot Dog Carts. Dream Maker Hot Dog Carts, 2012. Web. <http://www.dreammakerhotdogcarts.com/resources/florida.php>.
This is a map of the Florida counties. We used it to show the location of counties when evaluating their populations in the website.
Map of Florida Before the FEC Railway. JPG file.
It is not known where this map originated, but it clearly shows Florida in the mid-1800s. Note that there are so few roads that they are not even shown.
"Map of Florida's Railroads (Before FEC Railway)." American Memory from the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, n.d. Web. <http://memory.loc.gov/>.
This map, from the Library of Congress, shows the railroads that existed in Florida prior to the FEC railway.
This is a chart of the Florida census. It shows the populations of Florida counties in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
"Florida East Coast Railway: Key West Extension Map." Florida Memory. State Archives of Florida, n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/144626>.
This is a full map of the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. It also includes some pictures of its construction.
Florida East Coast Railway. Map of the Peninsula of Florida and Adjacent Islands. Map. Buffalo: Matthew Northrup Works, 1896. David Rumsey Map Collection. Web. <http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~223998~5506303:Map-of-the-Peninsula-of-Florida-and#>.
This is a map of Florida showing the route of the FEC railway.
Florida Hot Dog Cart Licensing Resources. “Florida County Map.” Map. Dream Maker Hot Dog Carts. Dream Maker Hot Dog Carts, 2012. Web. <http://www.dreammakerhotdogcarts.com/resources/florida.php>.
This is a map of the Florida counties. We used it to show the location of counties when evaluating their populations in the website.
Map of Florida Before the FEC Railway. JPG file.
It is not known where this map originated, but it clearly shows Florida in the mid-1800s. Note that there are so few roads that they are not even shown.
"Map of Florida's Railroads (Before FEC Railway)." American Memory from the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, n.d. Web. <http://memory.loc.gov/>.
This map, from the Library of Congress, shows the railroads that existed in Florida prior to the FEC railway.
Images
Alcazar. GIF file.
This is a photograph of the Alcazar, Henry Flagler's third hotel.
"Bahia Honda Bridge Sunset." CocoPlum. Agent Image, 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.keysexpert.com/big-pine-key/>.
Although this photograph is from a real estate company's website, it uniquely and remarkably showcases the genius of Flagler's engineers.
"Basic Southern Cotton Plantation." Douglass and Slavery. WordPress.com, n.d. Web. <http://douglasandslavery.wordpress.com/visuals/>.
This is an image of an ordinary southern cotton plantation from the 19th century. Florida's economy was mostly based on cotton before the FEC railway.
The Breakers. JPG file.
This is a photograph of The Breakers Hotel, Henry Flagler's sixth hotel. At one point it was named the Casa Monica and later renamed The Breakers by Henry Flagler.
Cordova. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Cordova, Henry Flagler's second hotel.
"David Levy Yulee." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, n.d. Web. <http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Y000061>.
This is a photograph of David Levy Yulee, one of the first railroad builders in Florida. He later became a US Senator from Florida.
"FEC Railway Logo." American Rails. American-Rails.com, 2007-2013. Web. <http://www.american-rails.com/florida-east-coast-railway.html>.
This is one of the most common symbols of the FEC railway. It features a sunset and palm trees in the Florida Keys.
FEC Passenger Train. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a FEC railway passenger train pulling into a station.
"FEC Steam Engine." The Brickell Reporter. Brickell Reporter, 2012. Web. <http://brickellreporter.com/online/historical-events-of-octobers-passed/>.
This is an photograph of FEC railway steam engine No. 440.
"Flagler." Palm Beach Centennial. Palm Beach Centennial, 2012. Web. <http://palmbeachcentennial.com/a-timeline-of-henry-flaglers-life/>.
This is an image of Henry Flagler. It is not known whether this image is a photograph or an illustration.
Flagler Museum. Car No. 91. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of Henry Flagler's personal rail car, No. 91, which he rode to Key West on the opening of the Key West Extension.
"Florida Cattle Ranch." The Florida Land Report. Blogger, 12 Dec. 2008. Web. <http://floridalandreport.blogspot.com/2010/12/for-sale-bereah-ranch-3635-acres-of.html>.
This is a common cattle ranch of Florida.
"Florida East Coast Railway Logo." Florida East Coast Railway. Florida East Coast Railway, 2011. Web. <http://www.fecrwy.com>.
This is the logo of the Florida East Coast Railway. It is the letters "FEC" inside of a blue swirl design.
"Florida East Coast Railway Streamliner." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons, 19 June 2012. Web.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florida_East_Coast_Railway_streamliner.JPG>.
This is an illustration of a FEC railway steam engine, with the common red-and-yellow pattern of today.
Florida Memory. "Boys and crew posed with Florida Railway and Navigation Company engine number 16." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an FEC steam engine with some crew members standing in front of it. It was taken during the early years of construction (late 1800s).
- - -. "Dixie Flagler: Hollywood, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of an FEC train named "Dixie Flagler" pulling into Hollywood, Florida. It was taken in 1941.
- - -. "Family using a railroad car of the Tavares and Gulf Railroad as a home: Tavares, Florid." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an old railroad car being used a family's home. It was taken in the 1910s.
- - -. "Florida Railway and Navigation Company engine #15 at the Lanark Hotel." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an FEC train in the early years of railroad construction (the late 1800s).
- - -. "Latin band greeting visitor: Miami, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of passengers departing the Florida Special, and train ride from cities like New York and Chicago all the way down to Florida. It was taken in 1936.
- - -. "Men standing by Barnum & Bailey Circus railroad car." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of men standing by a Barnum & Bailey Circus car. This photograph was taken in the early 1900s.
- - -. "Pensacola and Andalusia Railroad Company train unloading logs into Escambia River." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/33660>.
This is photograph of a train unloading logs into the Escambia River. The logs floated down to a factory on the river. The photograph was taken in the 1890s.
- - -. "President Franklin D. Roosevelt aboard train - Jacksonville, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/31954>.
This is a photograph of President Franklin D. Roosevelt departing a train in Florida. It was taken in either 1943 or 1944.
- - -. "Produce being loaded into refrigerated cars." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/146982>.
This is a photograph of produce being loaded into FEC freight cars. It was taken in the 1950s.
- - - . "Trains pulling lumber: Copeland, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of a train in Florida. It was taken in 1948.
Florida Photographic Collection. "Henry Bradley Plant." Wikipedia. Wikipeida, 3 Dec. 2012. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_B._Plant>.
This is an illustration of Henry Bradley Plant kept in the Florida photographic collection.
Florida West Coast Railway Engine Car. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a Florida West Coast (FWC) railway engine car.
"Grapefruit Tree." Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2011. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2007/s2036448.htm>.
This is a photograph of a grapefruit tree. Grapefruits are a common citrus fruit grown in Florida.
"Hamilton Disston." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Disston>.
This image is of Hamilton Disston, the Virginia industrialist who purchased 4,000,000 acres of land in Florida, but it is not known whether the image is a photograph or an illustration.
"Henry Morrison Flagler and Mary Harkness Flagler." Postcards in Paradise. Blogger, n.d. Web. <http://juneinparadise.blogspot.com/2012/01/henry-flaglers-doomed-wives.html>.
This is an image (most likely a photograph) of young Henry Flagler and his first wife, Mary Harkness Flagler.
Hotel Ormond. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Hotel Ormond, Henry Flagler's fourth hotel.
IMG_3396. 15 Jan. 2013. Digital file.
This is an image of an advertisement for the FEC railway showing a rail car on its way from Jacksonville to the scenic shore route of Miami.
"Indigo Plant." Plant Biology. Plant Biology, 2005-2013. Web. <http://www.plant-biology.com/Baptisis-wild-indigo.php>.
This is a photograph of an indigo plant. Indigo was grown commonly in Florida before and after the building of the FEC railway.
"Julia Tuttle." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Dec. 2012. Web.
This image is an illustration of Julia Tuttle, the "Mother of Miami".
"Key West FEC Railway Station and Yard." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Key_West_FEC_station_and_yard.jpg>.
This is a photograph of a Key West FEC train station and seaport. It is where the freight cars would be loaded onto freight boats and shipped elsewhere.
Kolondra, A.J., and Kishan Patel. FEC Caboose Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a FEC railway train caboose.
- - -. FEC Train Crossing One of the Florida Keys Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC diesel-electric engine featuring a red-and-yellow paint scheme that the railroad utilized from the 1940s to the early 1960s.
- - -. FEC Train Crossing One of the Florida Keys Model (2). 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Freight Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Passenger Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Railroad Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC freight car
- - -. FEC Steam Engine Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC diesel-electric engine featuring a red-and-yellow paint scheme that the railroad utilized from the 1940s to the early 1960s.
- - -. FEC Steam Engine Model (2). 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a FEC steam engine.
- - -. FEC Symbol. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This symbol is for the FEC railway, Flagler System. It features a train crossing the Long Key Viaduct.
- - -. Keys Work Camp Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a common FEC railway work camp in the Florida Keys.
- - -. Long Key Viaduct Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of the Long Key Viaduct, in the Key West Extension of the FEC railway.
- - -. Trestle Bridge Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a common trestle bridge of the FEC railway.
- - -. Whitehall. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This photograph of Whitehall, Henry Flagler's home, was taken by us at the Henry Flagler Museum.
"Lemon Tree." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lemon_Tree_in_Santa_Clara_California.jpg>.
This is a photograph of a lemon tree. Lemons are a commonly grown citrus fruit in Florida.
"Long Key Viaduct: Florida East Coast Railway." Delcampe.com. Delcampe International, 2000-2013. Web. <http://www.delcampe.com>.
This is a drawing of the Long Key Viaduct, in the Key West Extension of the FEC railway.
"Miami River." A Nest Amid Thorns. Blogger, n.d. Web. <http://anestamidthorns.blogspot.com/2010/12/miami-river-cruise.html>.
This is an old photograph of the Miami River.
"Orange." Orange Legal Technologies. Orange Legal Technologies, n.d. Web. <http://www.orangelt.us/info/management/>.
This is a photograph of an orange. Citrus farming began widely in Florida after the FEC railway was built.
"Orange Tree." Addo-Goodhope. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.addo-goodhope.co.za/pages/orangetree.htm>.
This is a photograph of an orange tree. Oranges are the most commonly grown citrus fruit in Florida.
"Pineapple." Levins. Hoag Levins, 1995-2009. Web. <http://levins.com/pineapple.html>.
This is a photograph of a pineapple. Pineapple farming expanded in Florida and Cuba after the FEC railway was built and steamship services connected Cuba to the US.
Plantation Museum Archives. IMG_2995. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of FEC train orders for President Herbert Hoover.
Ponce De Leon. JPG file.
This is a photograph of Henry Flagler's first hotel, the Ponce De Leon.
Railway Destruction. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the destruction caused by the hurricanes. Some rail cars are laying off the track to the side, and the track itself is mangled.
"Rice Stalks and Rice." 123RF. 123RF Limited, 2013. Web.
This is a photograph of rice stalks and rice. Rice was commonly grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway.
"Richard Keith Call." Museum of Florida History. State of Florida, 2013. Web.
This is an oil on canvas painting of Richard Keith Call, one of Florida's first railroad builders. He later became the third and fifth governor of the state.
Royal Palm. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Royal Palm Hotel, Henry Flagler's last hotel to be constructed in Florida.
Royal Poinciana Hotel. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Royal Poinciana Hotel, Henry Flagler's fifth hotel.
"Seaport in Key West, Florida." Florida Memory. State Archives of Florida, n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/101052>.
This is a photograph of a seaport in Key West, Florida. It was taken from an English Navy ship.
Steamboat. JPG file.
This photograph portrays an early steamboat, one that would have been used in Florida in the 1800s. It is not known where the photograph originated.
"Sugarcane and Sugar Products." Dreamstime Stock Photography. Dreamstime, 2000-2013. Web. <http://www.dreamstime.com/>.
This is a photograph of sugarcane and sugar products. Sugarcane was grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway was built..
"Tobacco Plant." Peppoj.net. WordPress, n.d. Web. <http://peppoj.net/2010/05/tobacco-owns-the-world/>.
This is a photograph of a tobacco plant. Tobacco was widely grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway to make cigars. One of Key West's signature products is Cuban cigars.
"Train - Long Key Viaduct." The Florida Keys and Key West. Fla-Keys.com, 2013. Web. <http://www.keysvoices.com/the-train-that-changed-the-keys-forever/>.
This illustration shows a FEC railway train crossing the Long Key Viaduct. It features a palm tree border, showing that the bridge is crossing one of the Florida Keys.
This is a photograph of the Alcazar, Henry Flagler's third hotel.
"Bahia Honda Bridge Sunset." CocoPlum. Agent Image, 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.keysexpert.com/big-pine-key/>.
Although this photograph is from a real estate company's website, it uniquely and remarkably showcases the genius of Flagler's engineers.
"Basic Southern Cotton Plantation." Douglass and Slavery. WordPress.com, n.d. Web. <http://douglasandslavery.wordpress.com/visuals/>.
This is an image of an ordinary southern cotton plantation from the 19th century. Florida's economy was mostly based on cotton before the FEC railway.
The Breakers. JPG file.
This is a photograph of The Breakers Hotel, Henry Flagler's sixth hotel. At one point it was named the Casa Monica and later renamed The Breakers by Henry Flagler.
Cordova. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Cordova, Henry Flagler's second hotel.
"David Levy Yulee." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, n.d. Web. <http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Y000061>.
This is a photograph of David Levy Yulee, one of the first railroad builders in Florida. He later became a US Senator from Florida.
"FEC Railway Logo." American Rails. American-Rails.com, 2007-2013. Web. <http://www.american-rails.com/florida-east-coast-railway.html>.
This is one of the most common symbols of the FEC railway. It features a sunset and palm trees in the Florida Keys.
FEC Passenger Train. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a FEC railway passenger train pulling into a station.
"FEC Steam Engine." The Brickell Reporter. Brickell Reporter, 2012. Web. <http://brickellreporter.com/online/historical-events-of-octobers-passed/>.
This is an photograph of FEC railway steam engine No. 440.
"Flagler." Palm Beach Centennial. Palm Beach Centennial, 2012. Web. <http://palmbeachcentennial.com/a-timeline-of-henry-flaglers-life/>.
This is an image of Henry Flagler. It is not known whether this image is a photograph or an illustration.
Flagler Museum. Car No. 91. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of Henry Flagler's personal rail car, No. 91, which he rode to Key West on the opening of the Key West Extension.
"Florida Cattle Ranch." The Florida Land Report. Blogger, 12 Dec. 2008. Web. <http://floridalandreport.blogspot.com/2010/12/for-sale-bereah-ranch-3635-acres-of.html>.
This is a common cattle ranch of Florida.
"Florida East Coast Railway Logo." Florida East Coast Railway. Florida East Coast Railway, 2011. Web. <http://www.fecrwy.com>.
This is the logo of the Florida East Coast Railway. It is the letters "FEC" inside of a blue swirl design.
"Florida East Coast Railway Streamliner." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons, 19 June 2012. Web.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florida_East_Coast_Railway_streamliner.JPG>.
This is an illustration of a FEC railway steam engine, with the common red-and-yellow pattern of today.
Florida Memory. "Boys and crew posed with Florida Railway and Navigation Company engine number 16." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an FEC steam engine with some crew members standing in front of it. It was taken during the early years of construction (late 1800s).
- - -. "Dixie Flagler: Hollywood, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of an FEC train named "Dixie Flagler" pulling into Hollywood, Florida. It was taken in 1941.
- - -. "Family using a railroad car of the Tavares and Gulf Railroad as a home: Tavares, Florid." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an old railroad car being used a family's home. It was taken in the 1910s.
- - -. "Florida Railway and Navigation Company engine #15 at the Lanark Hotel." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of an FEC train in the early years of railroad construction (the late 1800s).
- - -. "Latin band greeting visitor: Miami, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of passengers departing the Florida Special, and train ride from cities like New York and Chicago all the way down to Florida. It was taken in 1936.
- - -. "Men standing by Barnum & Bailey Circus railroad car." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This is a photograph of men standing by a Barnum & Bailey Circus car. This photograph was taken in the early 1900s.
- - -. "Pensacola and Andalusia Railroad Company train unloading logs into Escambia River." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/33660>.
This is photograph of a train unloading logs into the Escambia River. The logs floated down to a factory on the river. The photograph was taken in the 1890s.
- - -. "President Franklin D. Roosevelt aboard train - Jacksonville, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/31954>.
This is a photograph of President Franklin D. Roosevelt departing a train in Florida. It was taken in either 1943 or 1944.
- - -. "Produce being loaded into refrigerated cars." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/146982>.
This is a photograph of produce being loaded into FEC freight cars. It was taken in the 1950s.
- - - . "Trains pulling lumber: Copeland, Florida." Florida Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/trains3.php>.
This is a photograph of a train in Florida. It was taken in 1948.
Florida Photographic Collection. "Henry Bradley Plant." Wikipedia. Wikipeida, 3 Dec. 2012. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_B._Plant>.
This is an illustration of Henry Bradley Plant kept in the Florida photographic collection.
Florida West Coast Railway Engine Car. JPG file.
This is a photograph of a Florida West Coast (FWC) railway engine car.
"Grapefruit Tree." Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2011. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2007/s2036448.htm>.
This is a photograph of a grapefruit tree. Grapefruits are a common citrus fruit grown in Florida.
"Hamilton Disston." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Disston>.
This image is of Hamilton Disston, the Virginia industrialist who purchased 4,000,000 acres of land in Florida, but it is not known whether the image is a photograph or an illustration.
"Henry Morrison Flagler and Mary Harkness Flagler." Postcards in Paradise. Blogger, n.d. Web. <http://juneinparadise.blogspot.com/2012/01/henry-flaglers-doomed-wives.html>.
This is an image (most likely a photograph) of young Henry Flagler and his first wife, Mary Harkness Flagler.
Hotel Ormond. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Hotel Ormond, Henry Flagler's fourth hotel.
IMG_3396. 15 Jan. 2013. Digital file.
This is an image of an advertisement for the FEC railway showing a rail car on its way from Jacksonville to the scenic shore route of Miami.
"Indigo Plant." Plant Biology. Plant Biology, 2005-2013. Web. <http://www.plant-biology.com/Baptisis-wild-indigo.php>.
This is a photograph of an indigo plant. Indigo was grown commonly in Florida before and after the building of the FEC railway.
"Julia Tuttle." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Dec. 2012. Web.
This image is an illustration of Julia Tuttle, the "Mother of Miami".
"Key West FEC Railway Station and Yard." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Key_West_FEC_station_and_yard.jpg>.
This is a photograph of a Key West FEC train station and seaport. It is where the freight cars would be loaded onto freight boats and shipped elsewhere.
Kolondra, A.J., and Kishan Patel. FEC Caboose Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a FEC railway train caboose.
- - -. FEC Train Crossing One of the Florida Keys Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC diesel-electric engine featuring a red-and-yellow paint scheme that the railroad utilized from the 1940s to the early 1960s.
- - -. FEC Train Crossing One of the Florida Keys Model (2). 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Freight Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Passenger Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of a current FEC diesel-electric engine.
- - -. FEC Railroad Car Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC freight car
- - -. FEC Steam Engine Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
A model of an FEC diesel-electric engine featuring a red-and-yellow paint scheme that the railroad utilized from the 1940s to the early 1960s.
- - -. FEC Steam Engine Model (2). 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a FEC steam engine.
- - -. FEC Symbol. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This symbol is for the FEC railway, Flagler System. It features a train crossing the Long Key Viaduct.
- - -. Keys Work Camp Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a common FEC railway work camp in the Florida Keys.
- - -. Long Key Viaduct Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of the Long Key Viaduct, in the Key West Extension of the FEC railway.
- - -. Trestle Bridge Model. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a model of a common trestle bridge of the FEC railway.
- - -. Whitehall. 19 Aug. 2012. JPG file.
This photograph of Whitehall, Henry Flagler's home, was taken by us at the Henry Flagler Museum.
"Lemon Tree." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lemon_Tree_in_Santa_Clara_California.jpg>.
This is a photograph of a lemon tree. Lemons are a commonly grown citrus fruit in Florida.
"Long Key Viaduct: Florida East Coast Railway." Delcampe.com. Delcampe International, 2000-2013. Web. <http://www.delcampe.com>.
This is a drawing of the Long Key Viaduct, in the Key West Extension of the FEC railway.
"Miami River." A Nest Amid Thorns. Blogger, n.d. Web. <http://anestamidthorns.blogspot.com/2010/12/miami-river-cruise.html>.
This is an old photograph of the Miami River.
"Orange." Orange Legal Technologies. Orange Legal Technologies, n.d. Web. <http://www.orangelt.us/info/management/>.
This is a photograph of an orange. Citrus farming began widely in Florida after the FEC railway was built.
"Orange Tree." Addo-Goodhope. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.addo-goodhope.co.za/pages/orangetree.htm>.
This is a photograph of an orange tree. Oranges are the most commonly grown citrus fruit in Florida.
"Pineapple." Levins. Hoag Levins, 1995-2009. Web. <http://levins.com/pineapple.html>.
This is a photograph of a pineapple. Pineapple farming expanded in Florida and Cuba after the FEC railway was built and steamship services connected Cuba to the US.
Plantation Museum Archives. IMG_2995. 29 Sept. 2012. JPG file.
This is a photograph of FEC train orders for President Herbert Hoover.
Ponce De Leon. JPG file.
This is a photograph of Henry Flagler's first hotel, the Ponce De Leon.
Railway Destruction. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the destruction caused by the hurricanes. Some rail cars are laying off the track to the side, and the track itself is mangled.
"Rice Stalks and Rice." 123RF. 123RF Limited, 2013. Web.
This is a photograph of rice stalks and rice. Rice was commonly grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway.
"Richard Keith Call." Museum of Florida History. State of Florida, 2013. Web.
This is an oil on canvas painting of Richard Keith Call, one of Florida's first railroad builders. He later became the third and fifth governor of the state.
Royal Palm. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Royal Palm Hotel, Henry Flagler's last hotel to be constructed in Florida.
Royal Poinciana Hotel. JPG file.
This is a photograph of the Royal Poinciana Hotel, Henry Flagler's fifth hotel.
"Seaport in Key West, Florida." Florida Memory. State Archives of Florida, n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/101052>.
This is a photograph of a seaport in Key West, Florida. It was taken from an English Navy ship.
Steamboat. JPG file.
This photograph portrays an early steamboat, one that would have been used in Florida in the 1800s. It is not known where the photograph originated.
"Sugarcane and Sugar Products." Dreamstime Stock Photography. Dreamstime, 2000-2013. Web. <http://www.dreamstime.com/>.
This is a photograph of sugarcane and sugar products. Sugarcane was grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway was built..
"Tobacco Plant." Peppoj.net. WordPress, n.d. Web. <http://peppoj.net/2010/05/tobacco-owns-the-world/>.
This is a photograph of a tobacco plant. Tobacco was widely grown in Florida before and after the FEC railway to make cigars. One of Key West's signature products is Cuban cigars.
"Train - Long Key Viaduct." The Florida Keys and Key West. Fla-Keys.com, 2013. Web. <http://www.keysvoices.com/the-train-that-changed-the-keys-forever/>.
This illustration shows a FEC railway train crossing the Long Key Viaduct. It features a palm tree border, showing that the bridge is crossing one of the Florida Keys.
Secondary Sources
Interviews
DiBiase, Ben. E-mail interview. 15 Nov. 2012.
Ben DiBiase, an archivist at the Florida Historical Society, provided us with an e-mail interview. He gave us a thorough description of the problems that Flagler faced during the construction of FEC railway. He also suggested a few books regarding our topic.
Ben DiBiase, an archivist at the Florida Historical Society, provided us with an e-mail interview. He gave us a thorough description of the problems that Flagler faced during the construction of FEC railway. He also suggested a few books regarding our topic.
Donnelly, James F. E-mail interview. 17 Mar. 2013.
We contacted Dr. James F. Donnelly, a history professor at the University of Miami, to evaluate our website based on its accuracy and correctness. We took into account some very helpful suggestions, such getting information on building permits.
Faso, Jon. Personal interview. 29 Sept. 2012.
Mr. Faso, a member of the Florida Historical Society, told us all about Henry Flagler’s ambitions in building the FEC railway. He explained to us why Flagler decided to extend the FEC railway to Key West, and why he built hotels along the way. Mr. Faso described the intricate deal for land and property made between Julia Tuttle, the “Mother of Miami,” and Flagler so that he could work his railroad down the east coast of Florida.
Graham, Thomas, Professor of History Emeritus at Flagler College. Telephone interview. 6 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Thomas Graham, professor of history emeritus at Flagler College, gave us many interesting facts about Henry Flagler’s building of the FEC railway. We used many quotes from his interview on our website after recording the whole thing. Dr. Graham gave us a lot of information about the state of Florida’s economy before the FEC railway was built.
Lyon, Eugene, Professor of History Emeritus at Flagler College. Telephone interview. 5 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Eugene Lyon, professor of history emeritus at Flagler College, provided us with some very interesting information about Henry Flagler and the FEC railway. He told us all about the effects of the railway on agriculture and tourism in Florida. We used many quotes from Dr. Lyon in our website.
Mendez, Jesus, Professor of History at Barry University. Personal interview. 12 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Jesus Mendez, professor of history at Barry University, gave us many interesting facts about the turning point of development in the state of Florida. He told us about previous railroads in Florida before the FEC railway and talked about Hamilton Disston, the man who purchased 4 million acres of land in Florida, opening up the state to development. We used many quotes from Dr. Mendez.
Sargeant, Ken. Personal interview. 29 Sept. 2012.
Ken Sargeant is the president of the Florida Citrus Model Train Society. He told us all about Henry Flagler’s business and life. He explained that Henry Flagler came down to St. Augustine because the doctor told him that Florida’s warm climate might help his wife’s current sickness. Mr. Sergeant described that Flagler began to notice the railway system and how corrupt it was, so he bought the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Halifax River railways and began constructing the FEC railway
Standiford, Les. Videoconference interview. 2 Dec. 2012.
Les Standiford, Author of Last Train Paradise, gave us a detailed history of how Flagler came about building the FEC railway. He also explained the problems Flagler faced in building the railroad. Mr. Standiford gave us some very useful information.
- - -. End of the Line: Last Train to Paradise. Interview by Mitchell Kaplan. WLRN News. WLRN News, 7 Mar. 2009. Web. <http://wlrnunderthesun.org/2009/03/end-of-the-line-last-train-to-paradise/>.
Mitchell Kaplan, the owner of Books and Books, interviewed Les Standiford, the author of Last Train to Paradise. In the interview, Les Standiford talked about the marvelous engineering feats of Henry Flagler, including the Long Key Viaduct. He said that the Key West Extension of the FEC railway was like building the George Washington Bridge for 153 miles on an unstable foundation of coral rock and limestone.
- - -. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad That Crossed an Ocean. Interview by Magda Vergara. C-Span Video Library. C-Span Video Library, n.d. Web. <http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/173955-6>.
Magda Vergara interviewed Les Standiford, author of Last Train to Paradise, at the Miami Book Fair International. He provided information on what he wrote in his book, as well as some of the difficulties Flagler faced during the construction of the FEC railway. He also discussed how Flagler basically “built” Florida and how he helped it grow into the populous state it is today.
Faso, Jon. Personal interview. 29 Sept. 2012.
Mr. Faso, a member of the Florida Historical Society, told us all about Henry Flagler’s ambitions in building the FEC railway. He explained to us why Flagler decided to extend the FEC railway to Key West, and why he built hotels along the way. Mr. Faso described the intricate deal for land and property made between Julia Tuttle, the “Mother of Miami,” and Flagler so that he could work his railroad down the east coast of Florida.
Graham, Thomas, Professor of History Emeritus at Flagler College. Telephone interview. 6 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Thomas Graham, professor of history emeritus at Flagler College, gave us many interesting facts about Henry Flagler’s building of the FEC railway. We used many quotes from his interview on our website after recording the whole thing. Dr. Graham gave us a lot of information about the state of Florida’s economy before the FEC railway was built.
Lyon, Eugene, Professor of History Emeritus at Flagler College. Telephone interview. 5 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Eugene Lyon, professor of history emeritus at Flagler College, provided us with some very interesting information about Henry Flagler and the FEC railway. He told us all about the effects of the railway on agriculture and tourism in Florida. We used many quotes from Dr. Lyon in our website.
Mendez, Jesus, Professor of History at Barry University. Personal interview. 12 Dec. 2012.
Dr. Jesus Mendez, professor of history at Barry University, gave us many interesting facts about the turning point of development in the state of Florida. He told us about previous railroads in Florida before the FEC railway and talked about Hamilton Disston, the man who purchased 4 million acres of land in Florida, opening up the state to development. We used many quotes from Dr. Mendez.
Sargeant, Ken. Personal interview. 29 Sept. 2012.
Ken Sargeant is the president of the Florida Citrus Model Train Society. He told us all about Henry Flagler’s business and life. He explained that Henry Flagler came down to St. Augustine because the doctor told him that Florida’s warm climate might help his wife’s current sickness. Mr. Sergeant described that Flagler began to notice the railway system and how corrupt it was, so he bought the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Halifax River railways and began constructing the FEC railway
Standiford, Les. Videoconference interview. 2 Dec. 2012.
Les Standiford, Author of Last Train Paradise, gave us a detailed history of how Flagler came about building the FEC railway. He also explained the problems Flagler faced in building the railroad. Mr. Standiford gave us some very useful information.
- - -. End of the Line: Last Train to Paradise. Interview by Mitchell Kaplan. WLRN News. WLRN News, 7 Mar. 2009. Web. <http://wlrnunderthesun.org/2009/03/end-of-the-line-last-train-to-paradise/>.
Mitchell Kaplan, the owner of Books and Books, interviewed Les Standiford, the author of Last Train to Paradise. In the interview, Les Standiford talked about the marvelous engineering feats of Henry Flagler, including the Long Key Viaduct. He said that the Key West Extension of the FEC railway was like building the George Washington Bridge for 153 miles on an unstable foundation of coral rock and limestone.
- - -. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad That Crossed an Ocean. Interview by Magda Vergara. C-Span Video Library. C-Span Video Library, n.d. Web. <http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/173955-6>.
Magda Vergara interviewed Les Standiford, author of Last Train to Paradise, at the Miami Book Fair International. He provided information on what he wrote in his book, as well as some of the difficulties Flagler faced during the construction of the FEC railway. He also discussed how Flagler basically “built” Florida and how he helped it grow into the populous state it is today.
Books
Akin, Edward N. Flagler: Rockefeller Partner and Florida Baron. Gainesville: Kent State UP, 1988. Print.
Flagler: Rockefeller Partner and Florida Baron, is a biographical book written by Edward N. Akin, which presents information similar to information found in Florida’s Flagler, by Sidney Walter Martin. With two sections, the Standard Years and the Florida Years, this book separates the life of Henry Flagler into his two main businesses he worked with. The book also provides accurate dates of what he built in Florida, when he built it and how it impacted Florida.
Bailey, Ruth, et al. Florida. Ed. Emily Hatchwell et al. Illus. Richard Bonson et al. 7th ed. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2004. Print.
This is a travel reference guide about Florida. It describes Flagler's and Plant's railroads and hotels and how they greatly impacted tourism in Florida. It also says that Flagler's FEC railway greatly increased development on the east coast.
Barnes, Jay. Florida’s Hurricane History. Expanded ed. Chapel Hill: UP of North Carolina Press, 2007. Print.
Florida’s Hurricane History, written by Jay Barnes, gives details about every hurricane that has hit Florida since the early 1800s. We used the sections about the October 1906 hurricane, the October 1909 hurricane, the October 1910 hurricane, and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. The hurricanes in 1906, 1909, and 1910 became major setbacks in the building of the FEC railway, and killed many men. The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 marked the downfall of Flagler’s legacy, and is, to this day, the worst hurricane ever to hit Florida.
Bethel, Rod. First Overseas Highway to Key West, Florida. N.p.: Rodman Bethel, 1989. Print.
This small booklet, written and published by Rod Bethel, showcases the history of the FEC railway, but mostly through images of the railway. He describes the building process and the vehicles used for building (train engines, steamboats, barges, cranes, dredges, etc.).
Braden, Susan R. The Architecture of Leisure. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 2002. Print.
In this book Susan R. Brady examines Henry Flagler and Henry Plant's hotels, explaining their architecture, how they physically functioned, and what the hotels offered their guests.
Bramson, Seth H. The Greatest Railroad Story Ever Told. Charleston: The History Press, 2011. Print.
This book, by Seth H. Bramson, talks all about the FEC railway and Henry Flagler. It includes many interesting facts about the construction of the railway all from the perspective of the company historian himself, Seth H. Bramson. This book was a very useful source.
- - -. Speedway to Sunshine. Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2003. Print.
The book Speedway to Sunshine, by Seth H. Bramson, shows many photographs of the construction of the railway. It also expresses the hardships of the construction of the railway and the Key West Extension.
Burnett, Gene M. Florida's Past: People and Events That Shaped the State. Englewood: Pineapple Press, 1986. Print.
This book depicts Florida's important historical events such as Henry Flagler's deal with Julia Tuttle. It also mentions his hotels in Palm Beach, and that he chose Palm Beach because he liked the palm trees. Later in the book, the author states how Flagler had a new law passed that enabled him to divorce his insane wife, Ida Alice Shourds, and how him doing so angered the public.
Carlson, Charlie, Mark Sceurman, and Mark Moran. Weird Florida. Toronto: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Print.
This book contains the weirdest facts about Florida, including ghost stories, unexplained phenomena, ancient mysteries, and roadside oddities. It talks about ghost sightings of Henry Flagler in Flagler College (previously the Ponce de Leon Hotel built by Flagler), right after a brief history.
Chandler, David Leon. Henry Flagler. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. Print.
This book, by David Leon Chandler, provides a very detailed history about the life of Henry Flagler. It also includes many pictures of him and of his marvelous hotels. This book also tells the story of the FEC railway, including the Key West Extension and how it was built.
Clark, James C. 200 Quick Looks at Florida History. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2000. Print.
This fact book about Florida provides "200 Quick Looks" at the most important events in Florida history. First, in Chapter 85, it explains how Flagler built Miami's first electric plant to serve the public. Then, in Chapter 115, the book explains how Governor Mitchell was made a political outcast after trying to send Henry Flagler to jail. Next, in Chapters 165 and 166, it describes Flagler's hotels, and Julia Tuttle's offer to him. Flagler is mentioned, yet again, in Chapter 175, when he decided to extend the railroad south and found Palm Beach. Again, in Chapter 182, the book tells how Flagler invited many of his rich friends to build winter homes in Florida. Lastly, in Chapter 189, the book details how Flagler used his money to change a divorce law in order to divorce his insane wife, Ida Alice Shourds.
Derr, Mark. Some Kind of Paradise: A Chronicle of Man and the Land in Florida. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1989. Print.
This book deals with all of Florida history, and details the life of Henry Flagler and the FEC railway. It tells the whole story: Standard Oil, his three marriages, the railroad, the hotels, Miami and Palm Beach, the Key West Extension, and even some less-known facts.
Douglas, Marjory Stoneman. Florida: The Long Frontier. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1967. Print.
This textbook-style work by Marjory Stoneman Douglas, a well-known Florida author, talks about Florida's transformation from a frontier to a series of giant cities, and how Henry Plant and Henry Flagler accomplished this task using the FWC and FEC railways, and their accompanying hotels.
Feinstein, Stephen. Florida. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2003. Print.
This section of “Florida” by Stephen Feinstein talks about how Henry Flagler’s and Henry Plant’s railroads’ impact on Florida’s cities and population. Henry Flagler’s railway, five-star hotel chain down the east coast and the Keys, and steamship service to Cuba attracted many people to Florida, and the population rose greatly. A disastrous hurricane destroyed the railroad, though, in September of 1935.
Gallagher, Dan. Florida’s Great Ocean Railway. 2nd ed. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2011. Print.
This book written by Dan Gallagher explains the construction of the railway was. The amount of rock, marl, sand, and ballast moved during construction would be enough to fill a 785 foot cube (230 feet taller than the Washington Monument). In total, 17,940,837 cubic yards of materials were used during construction.
Gannon, Michael. Florida: A Short History. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. Print.
This informative book by Michael Gannon explains the history of Florida in a short book. It is "an exciting voyage through Florida's past" (Tampa Tribune).
Garrison, Webb. A Treasury of Florida Tales: Unusual, Interesting, and Little-Known Stories of Florida. Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 1989. Print.
This book of interesting Florida stories talks about Henry Flagler's humble beginnings, including that he started life on his own with a measly nine cents. It also explains the story of Julia Tuttle and how Flagler extended the FEC railway southward.
Harner, Charles E. Florida’s Promoters. Tampa: Trend House, 1973. Print.
Florida’s Promoters, by Charles E. Harner, is a book that gives a brief biography of the people who helped shape Florida into what it is today. These include Hamilton Disston, Henry Plant, Henry Flagler, Bion Barnett, Mrs. Potter Palmer, David Davis, Barron Collier, Carl Fisher, and George Merrick. The section about Henry Flagler is separated into sections of how construction was done on the railway.
Kleinberg, Eliot. Florida Fun Facts: 1001 Fun Questions and Answers. 2nd ed. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2004. Print.
This Q & A book about Florida has many fun facts about Flagler. Some include how Marathon was named, how Henry Flagler called Okeechobee the "Chicago of Florida," where he was buried, how bellhops rode bicycles in some of his hotels because they were so big, how the deal between Flagler and Tuttle was called "Miami's birth certificate," and how the railroad was completed.
Kleinberg, Howard. Miami Beach: A History. Miami: Centennial, 1994. Print.
This informational book, Miami Beach, by Howard Kleinberg, gives many building permits, explanations of old newspaper articles and elaboration of what the FEC railway did for Florida.
Knotts, Bob. Florida History. Rev. ed. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2008. Print.
This section of “Florida History” focuses on the 20th century railroads of Florida. Henry Plant was a major competitor of Henry Flagler. He built the FWC railway and many major hotels on the west coast. These railroads and hotels sparked a great interest in Florida. Cities flourished all around the railroads.
Marks, Henry S. Who Was Who in Florida. Comp. Henry S. Marks. Huntsville: Strode Publishers, 1973. Print.
Pages 101-102 of this book by Henry S. Marks give a brief summary of Henry Flagler’s life. Born in New York, Flagler moved to Ohio at age 14, and incorporated the company of Standard Oil with John D. Rockefeller at around age 20. This booming oil business helped them acquire grand fortunes of more than 50 million dollars. He fell in love with Florida while vacationing, and that is when he decided to build the FEC railway and his chain of marvelous hotels.
Martin, Sidney Walter. Florida’s Flagler. 2nd ed. Athens: Georgia Press, 1977. Print.
Florida’s Flagler, by Sidney Walter Martin is an excellent book that is a biography of Henry Flagler and his success with the FEC railway. It is used as a reference in many other books. It, particularly, focuses on Henry Flagler’s early career with Dan Harkness, and later with John D. Rockefeller for Standard Oil.
Revels, Tracy J. A History of Florida Tourism. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 2011. Print.
The book A History of Florida Tourism gives a great deal of information on how Florida has been after World War II, stating things such as what kind of crops were grown in Florida at the time. Tracy Revels explains why Florida’s economy was tourism and what a gigantic impact it had on the development of Florida.
Sammons, Sandra Wallus. Henry Flagler, Builder of Florida. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2010. Print.
This book is about exactly what its title claims: how Henry Flagler built Florida. It gives details about the hotels he built and the FEC railway.
- - -. The Two Henrys. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2010. Print.
The Two Henrys, written by Sandra Wallus Sammons, tells of Henry Plant and Henry Flagler, the two people who transformed Florida with their coastal railways, the FEC and FWC railways. Henry Plant worked on a steamship service connecting Georgia and Florida. Henry Flagler focused mostly on resort hotels and connecting the Keys to the mainland.
Standiford, Les. Last Train to Paradise. Centennial ed. Palm Beach: Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, 2012. Print.
This book, by Les Standiford, is a detailed description of Flagler’s steps to building the FEC railway. The importance behind why Flagler decided to build it was to expand his fortune, and he ended up building the Key West Extension because the newly built Panama Canal would provided a great deal of steamship traffic for a Key West port. Flagler built his hotel chain to improve Florida east coast cities, and is today known as the “Father of Florida"
Tebeau, Charlton W., and William Marina. A History of Florida. 3rd ed. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1999. Print.
This detailed book of Florida history details everything from Florida's first inhabitants to 21st-century Florida. When talking about who was most associated with Florida history in the late 1800s and early 1900s, it mentions Henry Plant and Henry Flagler as railroad developers and hotel builders. It gives a brief story of Flagler's life and the FEC railway.
Turner, Gregg M. A Journey into Florida Railroad History. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2008. Print.
This book, by Gregg M. Turner, details not only the history of the FEC railway and Flagler, but the histories of all the railroads in Florida, including Henry Plant’s FWCR. It discusses the effects of these railways on the industry of Florida, and how the state and flourished and developed.
Flagler: Rockefeller Partner and Florida Baron, is a biographical book written by Edward N. Akin, which presents information similar to information found in Florida’s Flagler, by Sidney Walter Martin. With two sections, the Standard Years and the Florida Years, this book separates the life of Henry Flagler into his two main businesses he worked with. The book also provides accurate dates of what he built in Florida, when he built it and how it impacted Florida.
Bailey, Ruth, et al. Florida. Ed. Emily Hatchwell et al. Illus. Richard Bonson et al. 7th ed. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2004. Print.
This is a travel reference guide about Florida. It describes Flagler's and Plant's railroads and hotels and how they greatly impacted tourism in Florida. It also says that Flagler's FEC railway greatly increased development on the east coast.
Barnes, Jay. Florida’s Hurricane History. Expanded ed. Chapel Hill: UP of North Carolina Press, 2007. Print.
Florida’s Hurricane History, written by Jay Barnes, gives details about every hurricane that has hit Florida since the early 1800s. We used the sections about the October 1906 hurricane, the October 1909 hurricane, the October 1910 hurricane, and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. The hurricanes in 1906, 1909, and 1910 became major setbacks in the building of the FEC railway, and killed many men. The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 marked the downfall of Flagler’s legacy, and is, to this day, the worst hurricane ever to hit Florida.
Bethel, Rod. First Overseas Highway to Key West, Florida. N.p.: Rodman Bethel, 1989. Print.
This small booklet, written and published by Rod Bethel, showcases the history of the FEC railway, but mostly through images of the railway. He describes the building process and the vehicles used for building (train engines, steamboats, barges, cranes, dredges, etc.).
Braden, Susan R. The Architecture of Leisure. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 2002. Print.
In this book Susan R. Brady examines Henry Flagler and Henry Plant's hotels, explaining their architecture, how they physically functioned, and what the hotels offered their guests.
Bramson, Seth H. The Greatest Railroad Story Ever Told. Charleston: The History Press, 2011. Print.
This book, by Seth H. Bramson, talks all about the FEC railway and Henry Flagler. It includes many interesting facts about the construction of the railway all from the perspective of the company historian himself, Seth H. Bramson. This book was a very useful source.
- - -. Speedway to Sunshine. Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2003. Print.
The book Speedway to Sunshine, by Seth H. Bramson, shows many photographs of the construction of the railway. It also expresses the hardships of the construction of the railway and the Key West Extension.
Burnett, Gene M. Florida's Past: People and Events That Shaped the State. Englewood: Pineapple Press, 1986. Print.
This book depicts Florida's important historical events such as Henry Flagler's deal with Julia Tuttle. It also mentions his hotels in Palm Beach, and that he chose Palm Beach because he liked the palm trees. Later in the book, the author states how Flagler had a new law passed that enabled him to divorce his insane wife, Ida Alice Shourds, and how him doing so angered the public.
Carlson, Charlie, Mark Sceurman, and Mark Moran. Weird Florida. Toronto: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Print.
This book contains the weirdest facts about Florida, including ghost stories, unexplained phenomena, ancient mysteries, and roadside oddities. It talks about ghost sightings of Henry Flagler in Flagler College (previously the Ponce de Leon Hotel built by Flagler), right after a brief history.
Chandler, David Leon. Henry Flagler. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. Print.
This book, by David Leon Chandler, provides a very detailed history about the life of Henry Flagler. It also includes many pictures of him and of his marvelous hotels. This book also tells the story of the FEC railway, including the Key West Extension and how it was built.
Clark, James C. 200 Quick Looks at Florida History. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2000. Print.
This fact book about Florida provides "200 Quick Looks" at the most important events in Florida history. First, in Chapter 85, it explains how Flagler built Miami's first electric plant to serve the public. Then, in Chapter 115, the book explains how Governor Mitchell was made a political outcast after trying to send Henry Flagler to jail. Next, in Chapters 165 and 166, it describes Flagler's hotels, and Julia Tuttle's offer to him. Flagler is mentioned, yet again, in Chapter 175, when he decided to extend the railroad south and found Palm Beach. Again, in Chapter 182, the book tells how Flagler invited many of his rich friends to build winter homes in Florida. Lastly, in Chapter 189, the book details how Flagler used his money to change a divorce law in order to divorce his insane wife, Ida Alice Shourds.
Derr, Mark. Some Kind of Paradise: A Chronicle of Man and the Land in Florida. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1989. Print.
This book deals with all of Florida history, and details the life of Henry Flagler and the FEC railway. It tells the whole story: Standard Oil, his three marriages, the railroad, the hotels, Miami and Palm Beach, the Key West Extension, and even some less-known facts.
Douglas, Marjory Stoneman. Florida: The Long Frontier. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1967. Print.
This textbook-style work by Marjory Stoneman Douglas, a well-known Florida author, talks about Florida's transformation from a frontier to a series of giant cities, and how Henry Plant and Henry Flagler accomplished this task using the FWC and FEC railways, and their accompanying hotels.
Feinstein, Stephen. Florida. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2003. Print.
This section of “Florida” by Stephen Feinstein talks about how Henry Flagler’s and Henry Plant’s railroads’ impact on Florida’s cities and population. Henry Flagler’s railway, five-star hotel chain down the east coast and the Keys, and steamship service to Cuba attracted many people to Florida, and the population rose greatly. A disastrous hurricane destroyed the railroad, though, in September of 1935.
Gallagher, Dan. Florida’s Great Ocean Railway. 2nd ed. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2011. Print.
This book written by Dan Gallagher explains the construction of the railway was. The amount of rock, marl, sand, and ballast moved during construction would be enough to fill a 785 foot cube (230 feet taller than the Washington Monument). In total, 17,940,837 cubic yards of materials were used during construction.
Gannon, Michael. Florida: A Short History. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. Print.
This informative book by Michael Gannon explains the history of Florida in a short book. It is "an exciting voyage through Florida's past" (Tampa Tribune).
Garrison, Webb. A Treasury of Florida Tales: Unusual, Interesting, and Little-Known Stories of Florida. Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 1989. Print.
This book of interesting Florida stories talks about Henry Flagler's humble beginnings, including that he started life on his own with a measly nine cents. It also explains the story of Julia Tuttle and how Flagler extended the FEC railway southward.
Harner, Charles E. Florida’s Promoters. Tampa: Trend House, 1973. Print.
Florida’s Promoters, by Charles E. Harner, is a book that gives a brief biography of the people who helped shape Florida into what it is today. These include Hamilton Disston, Henry Plant, Henry Flagler, Bion Barnett, Mrs. Potter Palmer, David Davis, Barron Collier, Carl Fisher, and George Merrick. The section about Henry Flagler is separated into sections of how construction was done on the railway.
Kleinberg, Eliot. Florida Fun Facts: 1001 Fun Questions and Answers. 2nd ed. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2004. Print.
This Q & A book about Florida has many fun facts about Flagler. Some include how Marathon was named, how Henry Flagler called Okeechobee the "Chicago of Florida," where he was buried, how bellhops rode bicycles in some of his hotels because they were so big, how the deal between Flagler and Tuttle was called "Miami's birth certificate," and how the railroad was completed.
Kleinberg, Howard. Miami Beach: A History. Miami: Centennial, 1994. Print.
This informational book, Miami Beach, by Howard Kleinberg, gives many building permits, explanations of old newspaper articles and elaboration of what the FEC railway did for Florida.
Knotts, Bob. Florida History. Rev. ed. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2008. Print.
This section of “Florida History” focuses on the 20th century railroads of Florida. Henry Plant was a major competitor of Henry Flagler. He built the FWC railway and many major hotels on the west coast. These railroads and hotels sparked a great interest in Florida. Cities flourished all around the railroads.
Marks, Henry S. Who Was Who in Florida. Comp. Henry S. Marks. Huntsville: Strode Publishers, 1973. Print.
Pages 101-102 of this book by Henry S. Marks give a brief summary of Henry Flagler’s life. Born in New York, Flagler moved to Ohio at age 14, and incorporated the company of Standard Oil with John D. Rockefeller at around age 20. This booming oil business helped them acquire grand fortunes of more than 50 million dollars. He fell in love with Florida while vacationing, and that is when he decided to build the FEC railway and his chain of marvelous hotels.
Martin, Sidney Walter. Florida’s Flagler. 2nd ed. Athens: Georgia Press, 1977. Print.
Florida’s Flagler, by Sidney Walter Martin is an excellent book that is a biography of Henry Flagler and his success with the FEC railway. It is used as a reference in many other books. It, particularly, focuses on Henry Flagler’s early career with Dan Harkness, and later with John D. Rockefeller for Standard Oil.
Revels, Tracy J. A History of Florida Tourism. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 2011. Print.
The book A History of Florida Tourism gives a great deal of information on how Florida has been after World War II, stating things such as what kind of crops were grown in Florida at the time. Tracy Revels explains why Florida’s economy was tourism and what a gigantic impact it had on the development of Florida.
Sammons, Sandra Wallus. Henry Flagler, Builder of Florida. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2010. Print.
This book is about exactly what its title claims: how Henry Flagler built Florida. It gives details about the hotels he built and the FEC railway.
- - -. The Two Henrys. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2010. Print.
The Two Henrys, written by Sandra Wallus Sammons, tells of Henry Plant and Henry Flagler, the two people who transformed Florida with their coastal railways, the FEC and FWC railways. Henry Plant worked on a steamship service connecting Georgia and Florida. Henry Flagler focused mostly on resort hotels and connecting the Keys to the mainland.
Standiford, Les. Last Train to Paradise. Centennial ed. Palm Beach: Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, 2012. Print.
This book, by Les Standiford, is a detailed description of Flagler’s steps to building the FEC railway. The importance behind why Flagler decided to build it was to expand his fortune, and he ended up building the Key West Extension because the newly built Panama Canal would provided a great deal of steamship traffic for a Key West port. Flagler built his hotel chain to improve Florida east coast cities, and is today known as the “Father of Florida"
Tebeau, Charlton W., and William Marina. A History of Florida. 3rd ed. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1999. Print.
This detailed book of Florida history details everything from Florida's first inhabitants to 21st-century Florida. When talking about who was most associated with Florida history in the late 1800s and early 1900s, it mentions Henry Plant and Henry Flagler as railroad developers and hotel builders. It gives a brief story of Flagler's life and the FEC railway.
Turner, Gregg M. A Journey into Florida Railroad History. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2008. Print.
This book, by Gregg M. Turner, details not only the history of the FEC railway and Flagler, but the histories of all the railroads in Florida, including Henry Plant’s FWCR. It discusses the effects of these railways on the industry of Florida, and how the state and flourished and developed.
Magazine Articles
“South Florida: The Gold Coast.” New York Magazine 18 Jan. 1988: 70+. Google Books. Web. <http://books.google.com>.
This article is about the FEC railway in general, and has some facts about Henry Flagler and Julia Tuttle in the beginning. It describes the way Tuttle got Flagler to bring his railroad down to Miami (then known as Fort Dallas). She sent him a bouquet of orange blossoms and a letter saying “Come on down, the weather’s fine - and bring your railroad,” during a hard cold spell up in Jacksonville where Flagler was building. Flagler accepted her request, brought his railroad down to Fort Dallas, changed the name to Miami, and transformed it into a bustling metropolis with his many marvelous hotels.
This article is about the FEC railway in general, and has some facts about Henry Flagler and Julia Tuttle in the beginning. It describes the way Tuttle got Flagler to bring his railroad down to Miami (then known as Fort Dallas). She sent him a bouquet of orange blossoms and a letter saying “Come on down, the weather’s fine - and bring your railroad,” during a hard cold spell up in Jacksonville where Flagler was building. Flagler accepted her request, brought his railroad down to Fort Dallas, changed the name to Miami, and transformed it into a bustling metropolis with his many marvelous hotels.
Television Programs
Flagler’s Train: Florida Keys. WBPT. 21 Jan. 2013. Television.
This television program, hosted by WBPT2 depicts the story of Henry Flagler and his railroad from Jacksonville to Key West using many interviews from various experts on the subject, such as Seth Bramson, John Blades, Les Standiford, Dan Gallagher, and Claudia Pennington.
History of the Key West. Hosted by Jacey Birch. ABC: Local 10 News. WPLG, Miami, 13 June 2012. Television.
This television program on the Channel 10 News Station is about the rich, interesting history of Key West. The first section of it details Henry Flagler’s FEC railway. The Monroe County Library Historian (Tom Hambright), the assistant director of the Key West Art and Historical Society (Michael Gieda), and a rider of the Key West Extension train (Minnie Dameron), spoke about Henry Flagler’s importance to Key West.
This television program, hosted by WBPT2 depicts the story of Henry Flagler and his railroad from Jacksonville to Key West using many interviews from various experts on the subject, such as Seth Bramson, John Blades, Les Standiford, Dan Gallagher, and Claudia Pennington.
History of the Key West. Hosted by Jacey Birch. ABC: Local 10 News. WPLG, Miami, 13 June 2012. Television.
This television program on the Channel 10 News Station is about the rich, interesting history of Key West. The first section of it details Henry Flagler’s FEC railway. The Monroe County Library Historian (Tom Hambright), the assistant director of the Key West Art and Historical Society (Michael Gieda), and a rider of the Key West Extension train (Minnie Dameron), spoke about Henry Flagler’s importance to Key West.
Reference Sources
Morris, Allen. "Whitehall (Flagler Residence)." Florida Place Names: Alachua to Zolfo Springs. Ed. Joan Perry Morris. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Inc., 1995. 254. Print.
This is an entry about Henry Flagler's home, Whitehall, in a Florida place name encyclopedia. It explains how the mansion was converted into the Henry Flagler Museum, and gives a brief history of Henry Flagler's accomplishments.
Sandoval-Strausz, A. K. Hotel: An American History. N.p.: A.K. Sandoval-Strausz, 2007. Print.
This is a book about the history of American hotels. It discusses why Henry Flagler came to Florida originally, and then details where and when he built his many hotels. It also gives a brief history of the Standard Oil Company and the FEC railway in this section.
Somerset Publishers, Inc. "Flagler, Henry Morrison (1830-1913)." Florida Biographical Dictionary. New York: Somerset Publishers, Inc., 1995. 132-34. Print.
This is an entry about Henry Flagler in the Florida Biographical Dictionary. It talks about the important milestones of his life, including the Standard Oil company, his railroad purchases, and the completion of the FEC railway.
This is an entry about Henry Flagler's home, Whitehall, in a Florida place name encyclopedia. It explains how the mansion was converted into the Henry Flagler Museum, and gives a brief history of Henry Flagler's accomplishments.
Sandoval-Strausz, A. K. Hotel: An American History. N.p.: A.K. Sandoval-Strausz, 2007. Print.
This is a book about the history of American hotels. It discusses why Henry Flagler came to Florida originally, and then details where and when he built his many hotels. It also gives a brief history of the Standard Oil Company and the FEC railway in this section.
Somerset Publishers, Inc. "Flagler, Henry Morrison (1830-1913)." Florida Biographical Dictionary. New York: Somerset Publishers, Inc., 1995. 132-34. Print.
This is an entry about Henry Flagler in the Florida Biographical Dictionary. It talks about the important milestones of his life, including the Standard Oil company, his railroad purchases, and the completion of the FEC railway.
Videos
Florida East Coast Railway: May/June 2011. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <https://www.youtube.com>.
This is a video of FEC railway trains today. The video shows many freight cars and steam engines.
Ocean Railroader. The Florida East Coast Railroad 's Key West Extension. Youtube. Youtube, 2 Nov. 2007. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This video is a slideshow of many images of the Key West Extension, of its construction and destruction. The images have been taken from Keyshistory.org.
This is a video of FEC railway trains today. The video shows many freight cars and steam engines.
Ocean Railroader. The Florida East Coast Railroad 's Key West Extension. Youtube. Youtube, 2 Nov. 2007. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This video is a slideshow of many images of the Key West Extension, of its construction and destruction. The images have been taken from Keyshistory.org.
Music
The Florida Keys Song. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is the Florida Keys Song by Gerd Rube. It goes by the alternate name "7 Mile Bridge."
I’ve Been Working On The Railroad. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This video is of the Rooftop Singers singing “I’ve Been Working On the Railroad.” Although the song was written in 1894, this performance is from the 1960s.
Jay Merrel Singers. Songs of the Rail Road - 1. Paddy Works on the Erie.wmv. Youtube. Youtube, 17 Feb. 2012. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a song that is sung by the Jay Merrel Singers which tells about leaving the family "to work upon the railway".
Johnny Cash - Orange Blossom Special. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is Johnny Cash's song "Orange Blossom Special." It features train sounds in the background while Johnny Cash sings about trains in Florida.
Miami Vice Theme Song. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is the theme song of the TV series "Miami Vice." It aired from 1984 to 1990 on NBC.
Mickey Mouse - Steamboat Willie. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a video of Mickey Mouse's whistling song in Steamboat Willie, which was one of his first appearances. We put it on our website as an audio recording.
Okanukumo. 10 min Piano Calming "The Poetic Autumn ." Youtube. Youtube, 12 Jan. 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
- - -. 10 min Sakura Cherry Blossoms Beethoven Sonata "The Tempest." Youtube. Youtube, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
- - -. 10 min Therapy Music - Piano. Youtube. Youtube, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
Old Folks at Home (Swanee River). YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is the Florida state song "Old Folks at Home" also known as "Swanee River." The Swanee River is a largely used river in Georgia and Florida.
The Buzzcatz. The Florida Song. Youtube. Youtube, 2 Nov. 2010. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a song that tells about the wonders and good times of Florida. It is sung by the Buzzcatz.
This is the Florida Keys Song by Gerd Rube. It goes by the alternate name "7 Mile Bridge."
I’ve Been Working On The Railroad. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This video is of the Rooftop Singers singing “I’ve Been Working On the Railroad.” Although the song was written in 1894, this performance is from the 1960s.
Jay Merrel Singers. Songs of the Rail Road - 1. Paddy Works on the Erie.wmv. Youtube. Youtube, 17 Feb. 2012. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a song that is sung by the Jay Merrel Singers which tells about leaving the family "to work upon the railway".
Johnny Cash - Orange Blossom Special. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is Johnny Cash's song "Orange Blossom Special." It features train sounds in the background while Johnny Cash sings about trains in Florida.
Miami Vice Theme Song. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is the theme song of the TV series "Miami Vice." It aired from 1984 to 1990 on NBC.
Mickey Mouse - Steamboat Willie. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a video of Mickey Mouse's whistling song in Steamboat Willie, which was one of his first appearances. We put it on our website as an audio recording.
Okanukumo. 10 min Piano Calming "The Poetic Autumn ." Youtube. Youtube, 12 Jan. 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
- - -. 10 min Sakura Cherry Blossoms Beethoven Sonata "The Tempest." Youtube. Youtube, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
- - -. 10 min Therapy Music - Piano. Youtube. Youtube, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a very calming, tranquil song that is good for reading.
Old Folks at Home (Swanee River). YouTube. YouTube, LLC, 2013. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is the Florida state song "Old Folks at Home" also known as "Swanee River." The Swanee River is a largely used river in Georgia and Florida.
The Buzzcatz. The Florida Song. Youtube. Youtube, 2 Nov. 2010. Web. <http://www.youtube.com>.
This is a song that tells about the wonders and good times of Florida. It is sung by the Buzzcatz.
Websites
“Tracks Toward the Future: Scenes from Florida’s Railroad History.” Florida Memory. Florida, n.d. Web. <http://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/trains/>.
This web page on the Florida Memory website gives very helpful information on the FEC railway. It has four pages of images that tell the history of the railway and paragraphs of information that explain what the images are showing.
“Henry Flagler.” The American Experience. Vers. 2. WGBH, 2000. Web. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/miami/peopleevents/pande05.html>.
This website details the exact events in Henry M. Flagler’s life, from when he was 14 and worked for his cousin in a grain business, to when he finally finished the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. Around 1870, he married Mary Harkness and became involved in the oil industry with John D. Rockefeller. He first fell in love with Florida while on a trip there with his wife (she was very sick, and the doctors said Florida’s warm weather would probably do her much good). He decided to build the railway and his hotel chain when he visited Florida again with his second wife. He was very dissatisfied with the hotel and transportation service.
“Henry Flagler: The Railroad Visionary Who Changed the Keys Forever.” The Florida Keys and Key West. Monroe County Tourist Development Council, 13 Jan. 2012. Web. <http://www.fla-keys.com/news/news.cfm?sid=8286#.UHScV_rh0TU.mailto>.
This story of Henry Flagler details his entire life, beginning with his work as a grain merchant with his cousin, and ending with the fantastic day that the first train rode into Key West. “It is perfectly simple. All you have to do is build one concrete arch, and then another, and pretty soon you will find yourself in Key West,” said Flagler early in FEC railway building. Seven years and 50 million dollars later, Flagler had accomplished the impossible: he had built a railroad across over 100 miles of open water to Key West.
This web page on the Florida Memory website gives very helpful information on the FEC railway. It has four pages of images that tell the history of the railway and paragraphs of information that explain what the images are showing.
“Henry Flagler.” The American Experience. Vers. 2. WGBH, 2000. Web. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/miami/peopleevents/pande05.html>.
This website details the exact events in Henry M. Flagler’s life, from when he was 14 and worked for his cousin in a grain business, to when he finally finished the Key West Extension of the FEC railway. Around 1870, he married Mary Harkness and became involved in the oil industry with John D. Rockefeller. He first fell in love with Florida while on a trip there with his wife (she was very sick, and the doctors said Florida’s warm weather would probably do her much good). He decided to build the railway and his hotel chain when he visited Florida again with his second wife. He was very dissatisfied with the hotel and transportation service.
“Henry Flagler: The Railroad Visionary Who Changed the Keys Forever.” The Florida Keys and Key West. Monroe County Tourist Development Council, 13 Jan. 2012. Web. <http://www.fla-keys.com/news/news.cfm?sid=8286#.UHScV_rh0TU.mailto>.
This story of Henry Flagler details his entire life, beginning with his work as a grain merchant with his cousin, and ending with the fantastic day that the first train rode into Key West. “It is perfectly simple. All you have to do is build one concrete arch, and then another, and pretty soon you will find yourself in Key West,” said Flagler early in FEC railway building. Seven years and 50 million dollars later, Flagler had accomplished the impossible: he had built a railroad across over 100 miles of open water to Key West.